Several studies have shown that ooplasm of bovine can support early development of embryos produced by nuclear transfer using somatic cell nuclei derived from different mammalian species such as sheep, pigs and rats. When animals are used for production of certain pharmaceutical proteins, they are treated as a ‘factory’ or ‘machine’. fish. (Suppl. Moreover, changes occur in all those traits for which the parents used in hybridisation differ from each other. Animal biotechnology has been practiced in one form or another since the beginning of the domestication of animals. Thus, bioethics makes a set of standards which is used to regulate our activities in relation to the whole bio-kingdom. (ii) An improvement in an earlier invention, (iii) The process of generating a product, and. There are several different types of Cry proteins, and each of them is toxic to a different group of insects. However, industrialised countries, such as U.S.A., Japan and European Union Countries, are awarding Biopatents. ... Use of animals in biotechnology is cruelty towards animals which causes great suffering to them. for the cost-effective production of high-value pharmaceuticals in the blood or milk of transgenic sheep or cows. The biofertilizers increase physico-chemical properties of soil, such as soil structure, texture, water holding capacity, etc. The definition and. Biopiracy 8. a b s t r a c t Among the ARTs that are applied in goat farming industry, reproductive cloning technology in production of cloned goat embryos are foreseen to facilitate the effort of mass goat pro-duction in just a short time frame. Transgenic mice harbouring such genes commonly exhibit high, metal-inducible levels of the fusion messenger RNA in several organs, substantial quantities of the foreign growth hormone in serum and enhanced growth12,13. NMDA-receptor-dependent modifications of synaptic efficacy, therefore, represent a unifying mechanism for associative learning and memory. Among all other transgenic animals, the mouse is that existing transgenic animal. Transgenic cows produce more m, and blood clotting factors. Moreover, in order to devise a cure for these diseases, the transgenic animals are used as model organisms. Thus, a patent is the right granted by a government to prevent others from commercial use of his invention. The chapter discusses the expression of therapeutically useful proteins in mammalian milk, the emphasis being on dairy animals as the production systems of choice. The chapter also states that the mammary bioreactor is capable of most posttranslational modifications and protein folding, and can be used to produce complex proteins. Moreover, this is a low calorie sweetner. The commercial preparations of B. thuringiensis contain a mixture of spores. Applications of Transgenic Animal Technology Xiangyang Miao Institute of Animal Sciences, Chin ese Academy of Agricultural Sciences China 1. This approach also reduces pollution. Transgenic Animals. Generally, transgenic crops are called genetically modified crops or GM crops. Sustainable development may be defined in several ways. Addition of appropriate stem cell technologies to the genetic "toolbox" has further increased our capabilities to enhance and modify livestock genomes and physiology. In fact, the application of interSCNT approach to produce cloned caprine embryos has not been reported at present. A transgenic crop that contains and expresses a transgene (i.e., functional foreign gene). Transgenic animals produced with the purpose of producing better and good quality breed, increased in milk yield, as well as to produce organs to meet the demand for organ transplantation. However, extensive efforts are made to enhance the effectiveness and the contribution of biofertilizers to agricultural production. A bioweapon is a device that carries and delivers to the target organisms, a pathogen or a toxin derived from it. Mode of action of these fungi is different from viruses and bacteria. The other example is of a soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis which produces a crystal (Cry) protein. They may be in free living or in symbiotic forms. Among all the transgenic mammalians produced so far, goats have represented an excellent model of transgenesis when considering the factors such as the market demand for protein, volume of milk produced per lactation and reproductive rate. The major bioethical ways concerning to biotechnology, are as follows: a. Spirulina (SCP) is a rich source of protein, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, crude fibres, etc., it is used as supplemented food in diets of under-nourished children, adults and old aged people in developing countries.