They prevent or suppress the colonization/invasion of the body by pathogens. Normal flora are the microorganisms that live on another living organism (human or animal) or inanimate object without causing disease. © 2020 Universe84a.com | All Rights Reserved, Blog: Microbiology and infectious disease, Haemophilus influenzae: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenecity, Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment and Key Notes, Microbiology Practical for BN/BSc Nursing: Contents, Descriptions, Visual Demonstration, Bunsen Burner: Introduction, Its Parts, Lighting Procedure, Temperature, Good and bad flame Recognition and Uses, Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): Introduction, Types of Drug Resistance, Mechanism and National Surveillance, Agglutination: Definition, Types and Its Applications, Proteus: General Characteristics, Morphology, Pathogenecity, Laboratory Diagnosis and Key Notes, Vibrio cholerae Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT): Introduction, Principle, Test Procedure, Result Interpretation, Hektoen Enteric (HE) Agar: Introduction, Composition, Principle, Procedure, Results Interpretation, Uses and Limitations, Sorbitol MacConkey Agar (SMAC): Introduction, Composition, Principle, Procedure, Results Interpretation, Uses and Limitations, Salmonella-Shigella (SS) Agar: Introduction, Composition, Principle, Procedure, Results Interpretation, Uses and Limitations. The bacterial flora of the intestinal tract synthesize vitamins, especially K and several B vitamins. Clinical Microbiology Procedure Hand book Vol. 2 0 obj During birth the infant is exposed to vaginal flora. 1. damage to epithelium 2. presence of a foreigh body 3. transfer to a site outside the normal nice 4. immunosuppression 5. damage from primary infection 6. disruption of normal flora by antibiotics. Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology. Editors: J.G. Learn 6 Surprising Facts About Your Gut Bacteria » normal flora of the intestine  may cause  urinary tract infection. 2. �V.�]��Ӄ��A�g�0�f &��n�YjLZRQ����՝=�3ɺ�����4��%D��| iͫ����OS�W�F�N��'�^�Y��q�d�ո:�>/M�A�i������Op] ||^�߽�O�{P1[�W>3�z��renhM�La3�!Cu��ൠ�E�����i���~8b����T��[;�f� Colicins, produced by some organisms of normal flora, have a harmful effect on pathogens.The endotoxins liberated by them may help the defence mechanism of the body by triggering  the alternative  complement pathway. %���� Mackie and Mc Cartney Practical Medical Microbiology. Normal flora refers to the population of microorganisms that inhabit  skin and mucous membranes of normal body. Learn to stay fit, healthy and prevent diseases. (iii) The normal flora evokes the Antibodies production. 3. These Antibodies cross react with pathogens having related or shared antigens, thus raising the immune status of the host against the invading pathogen. C. difficile growing in the gut after antibiotic therapy. Colour Atlas and Text book of Diagnostic Microbiology. R��������u�*�������$a�L~b���BI�e�d� bloodstream infections by S. epidermidis. Your comments are valuable to us. v\%U}ӂ�5o-�g|=��� �RR�F���EK�!nr�Ot��N]��-yM눏��$C�c9��0cf���L,�@�Z����;b25z���hm]�:=�Gt�%Ɍ�>A���h���켘�a���>�eL��R�㢦%��MF:�)c�߳$����`�,��B��SHQ�1)Z �N�m���z�c��(��ўs���Ѐ�+�Ggu�Nc�12�f�����2� � They may act as pathogens in tissue outside  their normal habitat e.g. Hepatitis A Virus: Properties, Transmission, Pathogenesis, Sign and Symptoms, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control of Hepatitis A Virus Infection, Heart Failure: Definition, Epidemiology, Causes, Prognosis, NYHA Classification, The Burden Of Care: Helping Seniors From Afar. However, more importantly, the normal balance of intestinal flora may be maintained, or restored to a normal from an unbalanced state, by oral bacterio-therapy or by a well balanced diet. Take care of your body. S. aureus penetrates razor burned skin to cause folliculitis. Text book of Diagnostic Microbiology. During birth the infant is exposed  to vaginal flora. <>>> Within few hours of birth, oral and nasopharyngeal flora develops and in a day or two resident flora of the lower intestine appears. Many people, especially children, are vulnerable to unwelcome side effects of unnecessary antibiotics, including lasting changes to their gut flora. Please share your thoughts with us. When potential pathogens gain a competitive advantage due to diminished populations of harmless competitors e.g. HARMFUL EFFECTS OF NORMAL FLORA Clinical problems caused by normal flora arise under the following conditions: 1-When the organisms are displaced from their normal site in the body to an abnormal site: e. g. the normal skin bacterium, Staphylococcus epidermidis, introduce into the bloodstream where it can colonize catheters and heart valves, resulting in bacterial endocarditis.