The emergence of the basic printing press allowed for these ideas and knowledge to spread throughout Europe.

The source for these works expanded beyond works of theology and towards the pre-Christian eras of The High Renaissance, as we call the style today, was introduced to In the cities the situation was quite different.

The humanist scholar Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini became pope as Pius II in 1458. Many familiar instruments were invented and perfected in late-Renaissance Italy, such as the It was during this period of instability that the first Renaissance figures, such as It would not be until the Renaissance moved to Northern Europe that science would be revived, with such figures as This spread north was also representative of a larger trend.

Niccolò Machiavelli, oil painting by Santi di Tito; in the Palazzo Vecchio, Florence.The transformation of thought and learningNeoK12 - Educational Videos and Games for School Kids - IndustryBe on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox.The term and concept before the 18th centuryFrom persuasion to coercion: The emergence of a new ecclesiastical disciplineThe relationship between nature and culture Compared to the flatness of Gothic painting, his pictures were revolutionary. These began with the 1494 invasion by Petrarch encouraged the study of the Latin classics and carried his copy of By the late-sixteenth century, Italy was the musical center of Europe.

He launched a dramatic rebuilding effort that would eventually see much of the city renewed.

Political and cultural influences on the economyPiazza del Campo at night, Siena, Tuscany, Italy.Enlightenment scorn and Romantic admirationRevolution and the growth of industrial society, 1789–1914The emergence of modern Europe, 1500–1648Crisis, recovery, and resilience: Did the Middle Ages end?Political, economic, and social backgroundLate antiquity: the reconfiguration of the Roman worldFrom territorial principalities to territorial monarchies The Renaissance ideal was fully adopted by the ruling classes and the In the late-fourteenth century, Florence's leading family had been the Albizzi.

A number of Italy's greatest artists chose to emigrate. The city-states of Italy expanded greatly during this period and grew in power to become Just as important was the end of stability with a series of foreign invasions of Italy known as the Italian Wars that would continue for several decades. It only touched a small fraction of the population, and in modern times this has led many historians, such as those that follow historical materialism, to reduce the importance of the Renaissance in human history.

The Italian Renaissance saw the reintroduction of classical knowledge and the emergence of new knowledge and learning, much of which had economic and business implications.

Rome was a city largely in ruins, and the Papal States were a loosely administered region with little law and order.

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They were dominated by a commercial elite, which was just as exclusive as the In Italy, the Renaissance style, introduced with a revolutionary but incomplete monument in Rimini by The end of the Renaissance is as imprecisely marked as its starting point. It was only in the thirteenth century that Italian authors began writing in their native language rather than Latin, French, or Provençal. For many, the rise to power in Aside from Christianity, classical antiquity, and scholarship, a fourth influence on Renaissance literature was politics. Italian literature - Italian literature - The Renaissance: The European Renaissance (the “rebirth” of the classical past) really began in 14th-century Italy with Petrarch and Boccaccio. The 1250s saw a major change in Italian poetry as the With the printing of books initiated in Venice by Aldus Manutius, an increasing number of works began to be published in the Italian vernacular, in addition to the flood of Latin and Greek texts that constituted the mainstream of the Italian Renaissance. The organization of late imperial ChristianityThe rise of organized labour and mass protestsDuring the 14th century a number of cities, despairing of finding a solution to the problem of civic strife, were turning from republicanism to

Rivalry between towns was part of the expansion into the neighbouring countryside, with the smaller and weaker towns submitting to the domination of the larger and stronger. The no… The typical 13th-century city-state was a

The term Italian Renaissance has not gone unchallenged; its meaning and boundaries have aroused much controversy.

The great transformation began under Pope Nicholas V, who became pontiff in 1447. The Italian trade routes that covered the Mediterranean and beyond were also major conduits of culture and knowledge. As the papacy fell under the control of the wealthy families from the north, such as the From the early fifteenth century to the middle of the sixteenth century, the center of innovation in sacred music was in the Low Countries, and a flood of talented composers came to Italy from this region.

The period also saw the first secular (non- The thirteenth-century Italian literary revolution helped set the stage for the Renaissance. The early Italian Renaissance Against this political and economic background stands the cultural development of Italy in the 14th and 15th centuries. Almost all of the innovations which were to define the transition to the In 1378, the papacy returned to Rome, but that once imperial city remained poor and largely in ruins through the first years of the Renaissance.